Why Thanksgiving Dinner Makes You So Sleepy

Symbolises innocence Essay Example

Represents honesty Essay Example Represents honesty Essay Represents honesty Essay Expound on the utilization Blake makes of childrens voices in at any rate two other poems. I am utilizing the blamelessness sonnets The Lamb and Infant Joy so as to think about the manner in which Blake utilizes childrens voices with the accomplished sonnet Infant Sorrow The Lamb is composed like a strict psalm and is described by a little kid. The Little Lamb in the sonnet represents Jesus. The structure of The Lamb is two straightforward verses every one of ten lines. The main portion of the sonnet speaks to the kid conversing with The Lamb the subsequent half shows the Lamb answering to the little kid. The main portion of the sonnet additionally goes about as a tune, as in a strict song, the basic structure mirrors the effortlessness of the sonnet and the kid. Baby Joy shows the delights of a youngster being conceived and the picking of names. The sonnet is described by a multi day old child all through. The sonnet shows the festival of labor and a kid. The structure of Infant Joy is two basic verses, every one of six lines, the structure if basic like the child, this represents innocence. Infant Sorrow is the accomplice sonnet of Infant Joy advertisement is its direct inverse. It shows the agony and upset brought about by labor and shows the forlornness of the infant. The structure of Infant Sorrow is two verses, every one of four lines, which shows up very straightforward and honesty like anyway the lines are any longer than in Infant Joy. The sonnet is described by another conceived infant. The three sonnets I have picked have a great deal of likenesses, they are totally described by youngsters or infants however Blake changes his style of writing for each situation. In Infant Joy the child is nevertheless two days old, the infant seems upbeat and substance as it is an honesty sonnet, all through the sonnet the infant discusses its delight of being conceived. In The Lamb the little youngster is conversing with Jesus, spoke to by The Lamb. The kid poses inquiries of creation and afterward answers to itself. The Lamb is diverse to Infant Joy as the kid is playing the two sections, the sheep and the youngster consequently posing and noting its own inquiries where as in Infant Joy there is just one character, the infant, and in this manner we just feel its feelings, the mother and father are not engaged with the sonnet. Though in Infant Sorrow the mother and father have a fundamental impact, the infant discusses the annoyed and groaning of his mom and father in no time and it is conceived and shows how it is feeling desolate and controlled. Blake here is clearly making an alternate youngster for every sonnet, and every kid clearly has its own voice and conclusions. Conceivably, the children in Infant Joy and Infant Sorrow are a similar infant yet Blake has given them various circumstances to live and adapt in. Blake utilizes diverse language likewise in every one of the sonnets, in The Lamb Blake utilizes ancient language to represent the connection between the kid, God and Jesus, Dost thou realize who made thee, though in Infant Joy Blake utilizes blameless, positive words to represent that the child is content with its introduction to the world and energized at the way that it will before long be named. Newborn child Sorrow is in finished stand out from the two different sonnets; Blake utilizes negative, experienced expressions of defilement and contempt to depict the feelings that the infant is feeling.

How to Write an Essay in APA Format

How to Write an Essay in APA Format Student Resources APA Style and Writing Print How to Write an Essay in APA Format By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019 ML Harris / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers If your instructor has asked you to write an APA format essay, it might at first seem like a rather daunting task, especially if you are accustomed to using another style such as MLA or Chicago. Before you begin your essay, familiarize yourself with some of the basics. The following tips offer some useful guidelines that will help you prepare your paper and ensure that it is formatted properly. What Is APA Format? Whether you’re taking an introductory or a graduate-level psychology class, chances are strong that you will have to write at least one paper during the course of the semester. In almost every case, you will need to write your paper in APA format, the official publication style of the American Psychological Association. APA format is used in a range of disciplines including psychology, education, and other social sciences. The format dictates presentation elements of your paper including spacing, margins, and how the content is structured. While it might seem like something you can just gloss over, most instructors, as well as publication editors, have strict guidelines when it comes to how your format your writing. Not only does adhering to APA format allow readers to know what to expect from your paper, it also means that your work will not lose critical points over minor formatting errors.   While this guide offers some basic tips on how to present your APA format essay, you should always check with your teacher for more specific instructions. Basics There should be uniform margins of at least one-inch at the top, bottom, left, and right sides of your essay.Your paper should be double-spaced.Every page of your essay should include a running head at the top left. The running head is a shortened form of your title, often the first few words, and should be no more than 50 characters (including spaces).Every page should also include a page number in the top right corner.Your essay should also have a title page in APA format. This title page should include the title of your paper, your name and school affiliation. In some instances, your teacher might require additional information such as the course title, instructor name and the date.The title of your paper should be concise and clearly describe what your paper is about.Your title can extend to two lines but it should be no longer than 12 words.Your essay should also include a reference list. Located at the end of your paper, the reference section is a list of all the sources that w ere cited in your essay. References should be listed alphabetically by the last name of the author, and they should also be double-spaced.The first word of each paragraph in your paper should be indented one-half inch.The American Psychological Association recommends using Times New Roman size 12 font.While the formatting requirements for your paper might vary depending upon your instructors directions, your essay will most likely need to include a title page, abstract, introduction, body, conclusion, and reference sections. Tips In addition to ensuring that you cite your sources properly and present information according to the rules of APA style, there are a number of things you can do to make the writing process a little bit easier. Start by choosing a good topic to write about. Ideally, you want to select a subject that is specific enough to let you fully research and explore the topic, but not so specific that you have a hard time finding sources of information. If you choose something too specific, you may find yourself with not enough to write about; if you choose something too general, you might find yourself overwhelmed with information. Second, start doing research as early as possible. Begin by looking at some basic books and articles on your topic. Once you are more familiar with the subject, create a preliminary source list of potential books, articles, essays, and studies that you may end up using in your essay. As you write your essay, be sure to keep careful track of the sources that you cite. Remember, any source used in your essay must be included in your reference section. Conversely, any source listed in your references must be cited somewhere in the body of your paper. After you have prepared a rough draft of your essay, it is time to revise, review, and prepare your final draft. In addition to making sure that your writing is cohesive and supported by your sources, you should also watch carefully for typos, grammar errors and possible problems with APA format. Final Thoughts Writing your first APA format essay can be a little intimidating at first, but learning some of the basic rules of APA style can help. Always remember, however, to consult the directions provided by your instructor for each assignment.

Customer Service at Datatronics - 2494 Words

Customer Service at Datatronics Sandeep Goud Puli IT Policy Strategy, IST-7100 Wilmington University Table of contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 2. Role of customers in business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 3. Main concerns†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 4. Opportunity areas for customer satisfaction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 5. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 6. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 CASE STUDY 1 Introduction: Datatronics is an organization, built in 1971, that serves their customers with Enterprise Resource Planning facilitated game plans. The organization comprises of two different organizations units: Datatronic†¦show more content†¦The principle test confronted by most present organizations were estate frameworks and implanted staff activities, which made it exceptionally intense to adapt to a perspective that puts clients and their troubles to begin with, and which oversees and booties staff in like manner. For new organizations, this was straightforward as they began with little client bases and they didnt have to re-train staff, this is on account of EZ RP. The result was regularly that lesser obscure organizations could trial the huge organizations by picking their best clients with more administration. This was achievable in light of the fact that they arranged their organizations around conveying a finer client administration of worth recommendation. The last errand to exchange is that an organization needs to operationalize client benefit in the frameworks, occasions, and association, work, estimation and remuneration frameworks to make it work. Most organizations battle to operationalize great administration. To talk about it is simple, to convey it is exceptionally troublesome among the quantity of client follow focuses an administration brand has. Main concerns: To enhance client administration at Datatronics Matt will need to present a strong case in which he ought to consider the accompanying things: †¢How many CSR agents are working in the Datatronics call center? †¢What is their current knowledge of the products and what are some of the areas they will need toShow MoreRelatedCustomer Services at Datatronics985 Words   |  4 PagesRecommendation 1. Budget allocation 4 2. Taking authority of customer services 5 3. Maintaining website 5 4. Feedback by customer 5 5. SWOT analysis 5 6. Team work 5 Conclusion 6 References 7 Introduction: Datatronics is a leading organization which serves their customers with Enterprise resource planning integrated solutions. Matt, leading a small team of developers at E-Z RP for fully integrated CRM/ERP/service management suit for small and medium sized enterprisesRead MoreCustomer Services At Datatronics1010 Words   |  5 Pages Case study --- Week --- Customer services at Datatronics ----- Wilmington University IST 7100 IT Policy and Strategy , 2015 Contents Introduction 3 Problems Identified 3 Recommendation 1. Budget allocation 4 2. Taking authority of customer services 5 3. Maintaining website 5 4. Feedback by customer 5 5. SWOT analysis 5 6. Team work 5 Conclusion 6 References 7 Introduction: Datatronics is a leading organization which serves their customers with Enterprise resource planningRead MoreEssay on Role of Customer Service in Datatronics and E-ZRP Companies1761 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Datatronics is a worldwide, high-performance supplier of integrated resource planning solutions to many global companies. Datatronics products include products used for telecommunications, industrial controls, medical, power supply, automotive, and computer supplies. This case study assignment explores key issues and role of customer service, with respect to the US branch of the company located in Romoland, CA. It includes a comparison of customer service and customer satisfaction.Read MoreVirtual786 Words   |  4 PagesDATATRONICS Answer 1. In order to improve customer service at Datatronics Matt will need to present a solid case in which he should consider the following items: †¢ How many customer service representatives are working in the Datatronics call center? †¢ What is their current knowledge of the products and what are some of the areas they will need to catch up on? †¢ How much time does a CSR spend on a single call on average? How many calls end up unresolved with the first call? †¢Read MoreCustomer Service2541 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Customer Service at Datatronics Datatronics is an organization that serves their customers with Enterprise Resource Planning integrated solutions. Their growth is mainly attributed to acquisitions of smaller competitors. E-Z RP was such a company that despite its inferior size compared to Datatronics was able to succeed and outperform Datatronics on grounds of customer service and customer satisfaction. Datatronics recognized the fact and acquired E-Z RP with the aim to improve in that respectiveRead MoreCustomer Satisfaction Essay2970 Words   |  12 Pagesconcerns†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Customer service role in business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Customer satisfaction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 IVR system and feedback†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Introduction E-Z RP is a small company compared with Datatronics, which was able to compete on perspective of customer service. This quality of service makes E-Z RPRead MoreHong Kong Tax Planning3013 Words   |  13 Pagesmanufacturing profit, the profit making activity is the manufacturing operation (see Hang Seng Bank case). †¢ For import processing, where the Hong Kong company’s involvement in the Mainland production process is minimum, with the support from Datatronic case, the IRD takes the position that the manufacturing operations of the Mainland enterprise are not performed on behalf of , or for the account of, the Hong Kong company, and so the Hong Kong company derives trading profits instead of manufacturing

The Importance Of Success - 874 Words

Ever wondered about success, and how people can achieve success? Do people know how to develop a path towards success? Do people know what is the role of luck in success? Success is a result of effort, developing a path, and luck. Success is something that people need to provide energy of some sort like effort to become successful in his/her life. Mainly effort is related to success by improving skills, preparing for future opportunities, and becoming a professional. One of the best ways to be successful is improving skills. Knowledge and skills are necessary to do work, and it will change over time by leading to learning new things. We need to do a little work every day to reach the goal for achieving better skills. Secondly, it†¦show more content†¦If someone have trouble identifying those goals, then they need to ask a friend or family member to help them to succeed. In other words, people needs to make a list of their goals and what they need to achieve them. Try to thi nk about financial and career goals, relationship goals, personal goals, things we would like to experience, and some skills we need to learn when we really not know. People should draw up an outline sketch of their goals that they really need to achieve. Lastly, people need to live with a useful purpose for their life. In order to achieve their dreams and be the people they want to be, and they need to try paying attention to their actions. People need to ask themselves, Is what Im doing going to lead me to where I want to be in life?† Luck is something like that happens by itself and we cannot force it to happen. People get lost in achieving their goals, so they forgot that there are important efforts and dedication that is luck. Success always related to luck by embracing the change, meeting the right people at the right time, and grabbing good opportunities. In addition, people like to describe the role of embracing the change of luck in success. Luck always supports the p eople who accept the change and try to do different things in theirShow MoreRelatedSuccess And Success : The Importance Of Academic Success701 Words   |  3 Pagesacademic success is very important. I’m the first generation in my family to go to college, so obviously, they did well enough to guide me into wanting to do well enough in high school to have the grades to get into NJIT. But academic success is a lot more than merely getting good grades- it’s also about the role it plays in advancing in my future. Not to mention, there will be plenty of obstacles along the way, but there will be things I will have to do in order to ensure my academic success in myRead MoreThe Importance Of Success : The Key To Success882 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I don’t know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everyone† (Cosby). Giving up is like going from walking to now using a wheelchair. When I was a child, I wanted to find my purpose as bei ng an adult. Now that I am older the missing pieces to my puzzle are starting to come together. I once gave up on life. I was a high school dropout with no education. What inspired me to go back to school to receive my GED/Diploma was when I realized that I could not be successfulRead MoreThe Importance Of Strategies To Success1166 Words   |  5 PagesSome forex recommendations that may deliver you to success With phrases like uptrend and downtrend, pips, zero-sum recreation, and bull and endure markets, the lingo by myself inside the foreign exchange marketplace can motive some people to run away screaming. Understand, though, that any new avenue you explore goes to have uncommon surroundings. After you recognise the small matters and analyze the lay of the land, you will start buying and selling for greenbacks. This text can positioned youRead MoreImportance Of Academic Success1064 Words   |  5 PagesSuccess can be measured in a number of different ways by each individual person. To me, success means that I have accomplished all of the goals that I have set for myself when doing something I believe is important. One of my current goals it to become a student at Endicott in the Hospitality Management Program. I want to graduate with a degree in this field. The academics at Endicott will help me be successful in this field. Also, I believe that in order to become successful you ne ed to haveRead MoreThe Importance Of Student Success2129 Words   |  9 PagesAcademic success has always been on the student and what he or she believes to be right. Some students are more hardworking than others which is why they’re able to achieve their goals. These are the students you see coming after school to get help with homework, constantly asking questions and trying to get the help from others that do understand the material. Many believe that it’s always on the student and the effort they put into their academics that determine their future and the success they deserveRead MoreThe Importance Of Management And The Success Of A Company1192 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluating the importance of management and integrity as essential elements to the success of a company Introduction When it comes to the coordination of activities of an or organization or a company in order to achieve its desired objectives, the importance of management should never be underestimated, management itself is a large and complex topic with all organizations having its goals and objective in which its management process will need to attain desired success for the company, using GlobalRead MoreThe Importance Of Management For Ensuring Success1371 Words   |  6 PagesConcepts and theories that can be useful to managers in ensuring success in teamwork projects Introduction: Team work is a group of individual s people that works together in a business Institutions or organisation, and they characterized by integrated skills among themselves, and they have common goals and one purpose, and the reason of setting up a team work is in order to achieve a specific objective or a task requiring a certain coordination and integration among the team members, which canRead MoreThe Importance Of Introducing The Career Success938 Words   |  4 PagesSkillsUSA Prep Speech Hello, good morning and thank you for coming, for I will today talk about the importance of introducing us to Career Success. SkillsUSA, ever since the organization started, high school and college students were given the chance to enhance and excel their social and communicating skills for their upcoming future careers and give them the chance to be champions at work, from just attending training, competing and gain experience as they get to learn about new things such asRead MoreImportance Of Success In This Course720 Words   |  3 PagesSuccess in This Course Eng. 111 writing and inquiry is a required course for general education program that helps develop the ability to produce clear writing in variety of genres and different formats using a recursive process. Throughout the class of student will learn to develop and support ideas, investigate, incorporate appropriate resources, evaluate, edit for effective style and also usage, and determine appropriate approaches for a variety of contexts and purpose. The class is worth aboutRead MoreThe Importance of Management for the Success of an Organization2750 Words   |  11 PagesManagement is crucial to the success of any organization. An organization is required to marshal and control a group of people, guiding them toward optimal utilization of its resources – especially human—as it attempts to actualize its ultimate goals. Given the importance and subjectivity of management, several theories and techniques have emerged. In this essay I will discuss the ‘rational’ approach towards management. I will trace and examine the historical developments that have led to the emergence

Loss of Biodiversity Free Essays

Meaning The definition of biodiversity encompasses the degree of variations in organisms and/ or species within an ecosystem. The loss of biodeversity would be the diminishing of dfferent species within that ecosystem. For example, a lake may be the home to many types of fish. We will write a custom essay sample on Loss of Biodiversity or any similar topic only for you Order Now A change in the lake’s temperature or chemistry may affect a food source for a certain type of fish. This type of fish may die out and leave the lake with one less species in it. The loss of one fish or food source may impact other populations and furthe diminish species diversity. Cause Invasive Species – plants or animals which have moved to a habitat where they were not naturally found and are more successful than local species. Habitat loss – Agriculture, housing and industry are destroying the habitats of many plants, animals and microbes. Our development means we must destory or decrease the natural ecosystems. Many animals have a certain range that they must maintain in order to live. If they do not have access to this area, their lives are significantly altered. Pollution – Our oceans, rivers, lakes and lands have become rubbish bins for society’s industrial and organic waste. Plastic in our garbage causes enormous problems. It kills or injures many marine animals and birds either through accidental entanglement or ingestion of the material in the mistaken belief that the plastic is food. For example, sometimes bags are misidentified as jellyfish. Climate Change – Many plant and animal species are unlikely to survive climate change. For some species there will no longer be anywhere to live. Exploitation – We have drastically reduced some fish populations, hunted some whales to the verge of extinction and destroyed whole forests and their ecosystems. Blast fishing is another practise which reduces the coral reefs in the sea. It is practiced in many areas. This is the process whereby dynamite is placed into an area in order to catch a large quantity of fish. Coral reefs especially are devastated by this activity. It is most prominent in undeveloped countries where this practice has existed for years. Effect The ecosystems deteriorate to an unsustainable level, at which the results would be incredibly expensive to reverse (ex. in Bangladesh and India, the over-logging of trees and forests makes floods during the monsoon seasons deadly. environmental changes – Loss of one species may cause a chain reaction, resulting in a change to the ecosystem itself. gives us less choice as humans – If certain species are lost, they are no longer available to us either as food, as enjoyment, or as resources for things we may not even know about yet. For example, if we deplete all the yellowfin tuna in the ocean, we no longer have th is species available for our consumption. If we are divers or underwater explorers, we no longer can see this fish in its own environment and receive pleasure from this act. Solution Stop climate change from running out of control. In order to tackle climate change world needs international climate deal that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions on global level. Stop deforestation. Tropical rainforests are the areas of the richest biodiversity in our planet, providing living environment for millions of different species. Reduce environmental pollution. Pollution is not only happening in land but also in our oceans having very negative impact on marine biodiversity. Animals and plants can’t thrive in polluted environment. Education and the Media Through educating people about the severity of this issue, there will be (hopefully) less exploitations of resources, pollution, and habitat losses. In addition, the media could be used to spread these types of thoughts and again, emphasize the importance of biodiversity, the detrimental effects it has on ecosystems, and how it impacts us. Biodiversity also needs to be more studied in order to give us the necessary knowledge needed to protect animal and plant species from going extinct. How to cite Loss of Biodiversity, Essay examples

Medicine and law Essay Example

Medicine and law Essay Introduction It is now a firmly established belief that legal and ethical considerations are integral to medical practice in the planning for the care of the patient. With the advances in medical sciences and growing sophistication of the legal framework in modern society as well as increasing awareness of human rights and changing moral principles of the community at large, doctors and other healthcare workers alike are now frequently caught in difficult dilemmas in many aspects arising from daily practice. Examples are plenty such as the duty to respect informed consent, truth-telling, breach of confidentiality, disclosure  of medical errors, rationing of scarce health resources, biomedical research, organ donation, etc. Besides, there is also growing anxiety both within the medical profession and in the community regarding increasing trends of complaints and lawsuits against doctors. From the bitter experience of many doctors who were engaged in complaint or lawsuits in the past, many of them had resulted from failing of their doctor-patient communication skill or inadequate ability to comprehend and resolve dilemmas in clinical settings. Medical ethics has developed into a well based discipline which acts as a bridge between theoretical bioethics  and the bedside. 1 The goal is to improve the quality of patient care by identifying, analysing, and attempting to resolve the ethical problems that arise in practice. 2 In addition to our moral obligations, doctors are also bound by laws and official regulations which form the legal framework regulating medical practice. It is now a universal consensus that legal and ethical considerations are inherent and inseparable parts of good medical practice across the whole spectrum. The disciplines of law and ethics in medical practice overlap in many areas and yet each has its unique parameters and distinct focus. We will write a custom essay sample on Medicine and law specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medicine and law specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medicine and law specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Legal and Ethical Regulations of Medical Practice in History In ancient Egypt, practice of medicine was subject to legal restrictions. The right to practise was restricted to members of a certain class, and all doctors had to learn and follow the percepts laid down by their predecessors. Obviously, this was to protect the public from quackery. Fees for the doctors were paid by the State. If unsatisfactory results followed a course of treatment that had departed from the orthodox, the doctor responsible would be liable to punishment, which could be very harsh. Similar legal restrictions on medical practice were also  found in other early civilizations such as Babylon and India. 3 Throughout the history of mankind, medical legislation has continuously evolved to regulate the practice of medicine. The fundamental objective is to safeguard the standards of the medical profession and to protect the public against unskilled vendors of medicine who would be as injurious to the community as other criminals. The Justinian Code of the Byzantine Empire in 529 AD is probably the earliest law code found to contain clauses to require educational standard and proof of competence of doctors by examinations. It also restricted the number of doctors in each town and penalties were imposed for malpractice. By 12th century, there were well established medical legislations in Italy, namely the edict of Roger II of Sicily in 1140 and Frederick II in 1224, to prescribe organized medical teaching, set courses, examinations and qualifications. 3 In Hong Kong, laws on public health and medical practice, essentially an adoption of the English Acts, had been introduced from the early days. In 1884, the first Medical Registration Ordinance was enacted to regulate the practice of medicine in the territory. Nowadays, the Hong  Kong Medical Council is established and empowered by law to perform the following major functions: (a) assessment of qualifications and maintenance of Register of Medical Practitioners, and registration is the only valid licence to practise medicine; (b) formulating guidelines on the ethical and professional standards; (c) investigation of complaints of professional misconduct; (d) supervision of medical education and training; and (e) assessment of fitness to practise where a doctors health is of concern. 4 In addition to legal regulation, there were also codes of medical ethics to guide the doctors for proper conduct. The earliest code of medical ethics is the Hippocratic Oath originated in Greece in the 5th century BC, which evolved to regulate the standard of conduct and care by 4 MEDICAL SECTION August 2003 the medical profession at that time. 3 Indeed, the spirit of this 25-century old Oath was restated in the Declaration of Geneva by the World Medical Association in 1948. The Declaration is the basis of the modern version of the International Code of Medical Ethics, which was first formulated by the World Medical Association in 1949 with subsequent amendments by the World Medical Assembly  in 1968 and 1983 in Sydney and Venice respectively. Meaning of Law and Medical Ethics in a Nutshell In its simplest context, law can be defined as enforced rules devised by the State to govern the behaviour of its members for the mutual benefits of all. Observance of the rules must be guaranteed by some kinds of sanction directed against the rule breakers. In addition to laws for the general public, doctors are bounded by certain specific rules stipulated in statutes as well as code of professional conduct laid down by the official regulating authority, namely the Medical Council, and administrative codes  set by the institutions. Together, they form the legal framework regarding the practice of medicine, violation of which may lead to criminal or civil liability, or disciplinary actions. In addition to legal obligations, there are also expectations of society for the doctors and the goal of the profession based on long established moral principles of self-evident value, which define the moral framework of medical practice. Medical ethics can be defined as a self-imposed code of conduct accepted voluntarily within the medical profession, the observance of which depends on ones conscience and moral values. Law and medical ethics are both dynamic and are in a constant state of change with time due to changing circumstances and societal values. Thus, new legislation and court decisions give rise to changes of the law and new ethical issues emerge in response to challenges created by new technology, law or other influence. There is also wide difference in law from country to country because of factors regarding religion, culture, traditions, political systems and social standards. Fundamental Principles in Medical Ethics5 Medical ethics is an applied ethics which involves examining specific controversial issues such as abortion,  breach of confidentiality, end-of-life care, rationing of scarce medical resources. The objective is to try to identify the issue concerned, analyze it with reasoned ideas and arguments and arrive at a viable and morally acceptable resolution for it. In the realm of medical practice, it is difficult to hold rules or principles that are absolute in view of the many variables that exist in the context of clinical cases as well as new issues that arise as a result of changing circumstances and belief. Nevertheless, over the years, there are certain fundamental principles that have won a general acceptance as guideposts in the  moral analysis of ethical dilemmas in medicine. The fundamental principles that apply generally to medicine or health care at large are: (a) respect of patients autonomy; (b) the principle of nonmaleficence, i. e. , the duty to avoid harm or injury to patients; (c) the principle of beneficence, i. e. , the duty to do good to your patients, relieve their pain and suffering and to save life if you can; and (d) the principle of justice and act fairly. The values that encompass the four fundamental principles in medical ethics are self-evident. They are considered to be doctors prima facie duties to the patients  and society. It is necessary for a doctor to take all of them into account when they are applicable to the clinical case under consideration. Not infrequently, when two or more principles apply, they may be in conflict. For instance, the decision to operate on a case of acute appendicitis involves at least two competing prima facie duties on the part of the doctor. At one end, the doctor is obliged to provide the greatest benefit to the patient by performing an immediate appendectomy. At the other end, surgery and general anesthesia carry risks and the doctor is under the obligation to avoid causing harm to the patient. The resolution adopted must base on a balance between the demands of the competing principles by determining which carries more weight in the particular case. In the case of appendicitis, a generally accepted rational calculus holds that the patient is in far greater risk of harm from a ruptured appendix if the doctor do not act, than from the operation and anesthesia if the doctor proceed to surgery. Law and Medicine Broadly speaking, medical matters come into interaction with law in four aspects: (a) legislation and administrative regulations affecting medical practice; (b) court judgments  on problematic or controversial ethical issues in medicine; (c) medical matters or personnel may become subjects of lawsuits when issues of medical malpractice or alleged medical negligence arise; and (d) use of medical matters as evidence in courts for other criminal or civil proceedings such as cases of homicide, rape, wounding, workmans compensation, insurance claims and the like. The Interaction of Law and Ethics in Medical Practice Despite their distinctive roles, law and medical ethics overlap in many areas. It is indeed difficult to dissociate the legal and ethical basis of the professional duties of  doctors. For instance, both law and medical ethics address to issues of confidentiality, euthanasia, abortion, use of dangerous drugs, medical malpractice and the like. MEDICAL SECTIONVol. 8 No. 6 5 Both law and medical ethics aim at safeguarding a good standard of medical practice within the community. The overriding consideration is to ensure the health and welfare of the general public. It is fundamental that doctors should be law abiding or they may face civil/criminal consequences due to breach of the standards prescribed by legal requirements. On the other hand, an ethics percept that is not adopted into  law may be a significant professional and moral guidance but it is generally not enforceable. Often, lawmakers (courts and legislature) do take into account the views of medical profession, which may include ethical principle, when crafting laws affecting medical practice. Thus, ethical standards can be incorporated in the legislation and become part of the legal standards. At times, a doctors prima facie ethical duty may clash with his legal obligation. A notable example that often occurs is when the duty of confidentiality has to be breached by a court order and refusal to disclosure  amounts to contempt of court. It is true that law is the established social rules for conduct which, in most instance, incorporates ethical standards to which the society subscribe. However, there are also instances when laws may be bent to reach socially compelling results, which can deviate from what is ethical. An entire society can become morally corrupt. No doubt, the doctors in Nazi Germany and Japan who had participated in the most notorious human experimentations during the Second World War were ethically wrong and were convicted of war criminals in subsequent trials, although  their behaviour were not legally wrong under their social standards at that time. Growing Attention to Legal and Ethical Issues in Medical Practice Attention to legal and ethical issues in medical practice is growing intense in recent years both within the medical profession and in all sectors of the society. The ethical issues raised by new medical advances and the rapidly changing public values have provoked much debates among medical professionals and in other disciplines including lawyers, philosophers, sociologists, theologians, mass media and the community at large. Large scale  programmes such as the human genome project, end- of-life care, priority setting, rationing of medical resources, womens health have attracted profound research interest in their ethical, legal and social issues. The propensity to litigate is also on the uprising trend in recent years. This is part and parcel of the general trend that people nowadays are more conscious of litigation in all areas of life, particularly in the light of the increased awareness of their legal and human rights as well as rules of law. During the past century or so, medicine has evolved more as a science than as a mystical art. The media has also reduced the complex medical sciences to a level that will allow the general population to comprehend. Moreover, consumerism is now firmly established in medical practice and this has been promoted on a wide scale by patients rights organizations as well as authorities through public education and introduction of charters and performance pledges. In recent decades, there has also been a fall of the traditional paternalism in medical practice. Thus, the patients and their families are now more ready to speak up to protect their rights, to raise questions or doubts on the conduct  and skill of their doctors. Furthermore, issues of infringement of patients rights, malpractice and medical negligence are now attracting wide media coverage. This has undoubtedly served to alert the general public to such possibilities. The increase in medical negligence claims and litigation on issues of malpractice in recent years is reflected both in the number of lawsuits and the tremendous sum of monetary value involved. There is now greater availability of lawyers as well as compensation claim agencies who are ready to assist the patients and their families to institute legal actions against their doctors. A greater proportion of the general population is now aware that the courts can and, on occasion, do provide substantial monetary compensation for personal injury. This has obviously enhanced the growing compensation awareness in the public mind. Even in a lawsuit that has not been successful in proving the defendant doctors liability to the plaintiffs personal injury, it can still devastate the doctors career because of the media coverage it receives. The new wave of class-action lawsuits against healthcare professionals and organizations in North America is particularly worrying. The assembling of a  group of plaintiffs instead of a single plaintiff greatly expands the defendants exposure to liability. Besides, it is also likely that the media attention on such a case will attract additional potential plaintiffs. 6 Another factor that has been suggested by some health care professionals is the depersonalization of the doctor- patient relationship. It is undoubtedly easier to sue a relatively anonymous defendant, such as a hospital consultant, than to sue a family doctor whom one has known for years, and this is even truer of hospital authorities. The Scope of Law and Ethics in Medical  Practice The scope of law and ethics in medical practice is expanding all the time. Any attempt in listing out the core topics can neither be complete nor prescriptive. Some topics are of interest to doctors of all specialties whilst some topics are more important to particular specialties. The following list is based largely on the consensus statement of the teachers of medical ethics and law in 6 MEDICAL SECTION August 2003 UK on a model for core curriculum in medical ethics and law within medical education: 1. Official regulations of medical practice (a) Statutes laid down by legislature e. g.  Cap 161 Medical Registration Ordinance Cap 134 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance Cap 137 Antibiotics Ordinance Cap 138 Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance (b) List of Misconduct in a Professional Respect issued by the Medical Council of Hong Kong7 2. Foundations of doctor-patient relationship1,5 (a) Doctors obligation of fidelity – patients expect that doctors are trustworthy, knowledgeable and competent. Doctors are looked upon as trustees of patients medical welfare, always acting in the interests of the patients. We owe a duty of not causing harm to our patients (the principle of nonmaleficence). We also have a duty to do good  to our patients if we can (the principle of beneficence). (b) Respect of patients rights, including the basic principle of human rights and their relations with moral and professional duties. (c) Respect of privacy and confidentiality – the doctor- patient relationship is essentially founded on trust and confidence. Doctors are expected to respect for patients privacy and disclose patients information only when justified. At times, there is often conflict of interest between individuals or between and individual and the public with regard to disclosure of patients information. There is also  legal requirement to protect privacy in the general sense (Cap 486 Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance). (d) Respect of patients autonomy informed consent and refusal to treatment are basic patients rights. There are several related issues regarding the determination of patients capacity to share in decision-making (patients competence), the principle of risk-benefit equation to decide how much information to be given to patients (therapeutic privilege) and the concept of surrogate decision in cases of incompetent patients. Difficult dilemmas can arise when this is in conflict with other prima facie duties of the  doctors such as the situation when emergency interventions are required in cases of incompetent patients. (e) The difficult patients, noncompliance, hostile patients and abuse of patients rights. (f) Breach of duties leading to medical negligence or malpractice claims. 3. Death and related issues (a) The definition and diagnosis of death. (b) The persistent vegetative state – what is the meaning of human life: an organism or a person with body and mind? Is there a need for advancing the definition of life; from somatic death and brain stem death to neocortical death? 8 (c) End-of-life care – whether life support decision is  to prolong life or suffering? Difficult issues of medical futility, forgoing life-sustaining treatment, doctor-assisted suicide and euthanasia have immense ethical and legal implications. A fundamental question for doctors is whether letting to die is the same as euthanasia. 8 (d) Legal and ethical issues in organ transplantation. 9 (e) Death certification and disposal of dead bodies. 10, 11 (f) Coroner and medico-legal investigations of death. 12 4. Reproductive medicine and genetics (a) The management of infertility – the legal and ethical issues in artificial insemination and surrogate motherhood. (b) The control of fertility – sterilization and other forms of contraception. (c) The right of foetus – the legal13 and ethical issues in abortion and the question of maternal-foetal conflict. (d) Prenatal screening and wrongful life, genetic counseling and eugenics. (e) Genetic therapy – whether it is to treat the abnormal or to improve the normal. (f) Cloning of human being – its legal and ethical considerations. 5. Biomedical human research and experimentation (a) The legal14 and ethical15 regulations. (b) Ethics committee consultations. (c) The discrepancy between developed and developing countries. 6.  Special issues in psychiatry (a) Legal16 and ethical justification for detention and treatment without consent. (b) Informed consent in patients suffering from mental illness – the question of competence by the state of mind. (c) Conflicts of interests between the patients, families and the society. (d) Mental disorders and crime – mental disorders and liabilities of an individual and issues of compulsory treatment for offenders (especially in cases of sex offenders); the role of psychiatrist as an expert witness. 7. Special issues in paediatrics (a) Consent in minor. (b) Conflicts of interest between parental rights, the  rights of the child and the duty of the paediatrician. (c) Legal and ethical issues in cases of child abuse. 17 (d) The paediatricians role in child protection. 8. Healthcare delivery and resource allocation18 (a) Dilemmas in deciding a fair distribution of scarce medical resources and the rights of individual patient to healthcare services. (b) Healthcare cost crisis: its political, social and economic implications. 19 (c) The criteria for rationing healthcare resources and MEDICAL SECTIONVol. 8 No. 6 7 the sustainability of the healthcare services – does rationing simply means cutting or trimming  healthcare budget? What is a fair healthcare policy? What is the direction of healthcare reform? (d) Ethical considerations in the business aspects of healthcare – economic constraints, models of remuneration, professional freedom. The issues related to Health Maintenance Organizations and other managed care providers. (e) Responsibility of individuals for their own health. (f) Global distributions of healthcare resources: a gross unevenness. 9. Quality assurance (a) Continuity of care for patients. (b) Communications between doctors and patients, doctors and doctors. The duty to consult when  necessary. (c) Peer review and clinical audits, continuous medical education. (d) Truth-telling, disclosure of medical errors and incompetent colleagues. 20, 21 (e) Healthcare complaints – what is a fair and user- friendly mechanism to receive and resolve complaints. 10. Use of medical matters as evidence in courts (a) The medical witness – a doctor may be called to attend courts to give professional or expert evidence, or both. The objective of medical evidence is to assist the court in determining the truth and hence enabling justice to be done. A medical witness must have impartiality, reliability,  clarity and relevancy. His duty is to give evidence on a scientific objective manner commensurating with his role as a doctor as well as his expertise. (b) The issue of hired gun. (c) Conflict between a doctors duties to his patient and his role as a medical witness. Conclusion In recent years, teaching of law and ethics in medical practice has emerged as a core curriculum in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical education in many developed countries such as the US, Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand. 22, 23 Research and discussion papers on clinical ethics and reports on medico-legal  cases now constitute a significant contribution to the expansion of medical literature, which have enriched our knowledge in the areas with widening scopes. 2 This is perhaps a major area that the medical education and training in Hong Kong need to catch up. Doctors are now expected to have knowledge and understanding of the principles of medical ethics and the legal responsibilities of the medical profession. They should also have the ability to recognize complex legal and ethical issues arising from clinical practice and sound decision-making skills to resolve them. 24 Often there is  no single or universal answer to such issues. The views within the medical profession as well as the public change constantly with time and vary from one country to another. It is therefore prudent for doctors to keep themselves informed about the current views, and when in doubt, be ready to consult their peers, lawyers and ethicists. References 1. Fletcher JC, Hite CA, Lombardo PA, Marshall MF, eds. Introduction to Clinical Ethics. Frederick Maryland: University Publishing Group, 1995. 2. Siegler M, Pellegrino ED, Singer PA. Clinical ethics revisited. BMC Medical Ethics 2001; (available from: http://www. biomedcentral. com/1742-6939/2/1). 3. Camps FE ed. Gradwohls Legal Medicine, Chapter 1. Bristol: John Wright Sons Ltd. , 3rd edition, 1976. 4. The Medical Council of Hong Kong Homepage: http://www. mchk. org. hk. 5. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 4th edition, 1994 6. Lightstone S. Class-action lawsuits medicines newest legal headache. JAMC 2001;165(5):622. 7. Medical Council of Hong Kong. Professional Code and Conduct: For the Guidance of Registered Medical Practitioners. Hong Kong: HKMC, revised 2000. 8. Arras JD, Steinbock B, eds. Ethical Issues in Modern  Medicine, Part II: Defining Death, Forgoing Life-Sustaining Treatment, and Euthanasia. Mountain View, California: Mayfield Publishing Co. , 4th edition, 1995. 9. Cap 465 Human Organ Transplant Ordinance, Law of Hong Kong. 10. Cap 174 Births and Deaths Registration Ordinance, Law of Hong Kong. 11. Cap 132 Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance, Law of Hong Kong. 12. Cap 504 Coroners Ordinance, Law of Hong Kong. 13. Cap 212 Offence Against Persons Ordinance, Law of Hong Kong. 14. Cap 278 Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Ordinance, Law of Hong Kong. 15. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. CIOMS, revised 2002. 16. Cap 136 Mental Health Ordinance, Law of Hong Kong. 17. Social Welfare Department, Government of HKSAR. Procedures for Handling Child Abuse Cases. Hong Kong: SWD, revised 1998. 18. McKneally MF, Dickens BM, Meslin EM, Singer PA. Bioethics for clinicians: 13. Resource allocation. CMAJ 1997;157: 163-7. 19. Health and Welfare Bureau, Government of HKSAR. Lifelong Investment in Health: Consultation Document on Health Care Reform. Hong Kong: 2001. 20. Hebert PC, Levin AV, Robertson G. Bioethics for clinicians: 23. Disclosure of medical error. CMAJ 2001;164(4):509-13. 21. Burrows J. Telling tales and saving lives: Whistleblowing The role of professional colleagues in protecting patients from dangerous doctors. Medical Law Review 2001;9: 110-29. 22. Position Statement: An ethics core curriculum for Australasian medical schools. Med J Aus 2001;175: 205-10. 23. Doyal L, Gillon R. Medical ethics and law as a core subject in medical education. BMJ 1998;316:1623-4. 24. Australian Medical Council. Goals and objectives of basic medical education. Guidelines for assessment and accreditation of medical schools. Canberra: AMC, 2000.

Examples of Organic Chemistry in Everyday Life

Examples of Organic Chemistry in Everyday Life Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, which extends to understanding chemical reactions in living organisms and products derived from them. There are numerous examples of organic chemistry in everyday life. Organic Chemistry Is All Around Us Polymers consist of long chains and branches of molecules. Common polymers you encounter every day are organic molecules. Examples include nylon, acrylic, PVC, polycarbonate, cellulose, and polyethylene.Petrochemicals are chemicals derived from crude oil or petroleum. Fractional distillation separates the raw material into organic compounds according to their different boiling points. You encounter products made from petrochemicals every day. Examples include gasoline, plastics, detergents, dyes, food additives, natural gas, and medicines.Although both are used for cleaning, soap and detergent are two different examples of organic chemistry. Soap is made by the saponification reaction, which reacts a hydroxide with an organic molecule (e.g., an animal fat) to produce glycerol and crude soap. While soap is an emulsifier, detergents tackle oily, greasy (organic) soiling mainly because they are surfactants.  Whether a perfume fragrance comes from a flower or a lab, the molecules you s mell and enjoy are an example of organic chemistry. The cosmetics industry is a lucrative sector of organic chemistry. Chemists examine changes in the skin in response to metabolic and environmental factors, formulate products to address skin problems and enhance beauty, and analyze how cosmetics interact with the skin and other products. Examples of Products With Common Organic Chemicals ShampooGasolinePerfumeLotionDrugsFood and food additivesPlasticsPaperInsect repellentSynthetic fabrics (nylon, polyester, rayon)PaintMoth balls (naphthalene)EnzymesNail polish removerWoodCoalNatural gasSolventsFertilizersVitaminsDyesSoapCandlesAsphalt As you can see, most  products you use involve organic chemistry. Your computer, furniture, home, vehicle, food, and body contain organic compounds. Every living thing you encounter is organic. Inorganic items, such as rocks, air, metals, and water, often contain organic matter, too.

What Are the ICD-10 Codes for Diabetes Complete List

What Are the ICD-10 Codes for Diabetes Complete List SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you come across a form of diabetes with an unusual presentation or a rare underlying cause? Luckily, the ICD-10 codes for diabetes cover every manifestation of the disease imaginable in very specific terms. In this article, I'll go through the full range of diabetes ICD-10 codes and provide some guidelines for how to use them appropriately in your medical records. What Are the ICD-10 Codes for Diabetes? These lists cover all of the ICD-10 codes for diabetes mellitus. You can use the following links to navigate to the codes you need depending on which type of diabetes you're looking for: Diabetes due to underlying conditions (codes that start with E08) Drug or chemical induced diabetes (codes that start with E09) Type 1 diabetes (codes that start with E10) Type 2 diabetes (codes that start with E11) Diabetes related to pregnancy (codes that start with 024) Other types of diabetes not covered by the previous categories (codes that start with E13) The more characters in the code, the more specific the diagnosis, so when writing a code on a medical record you should give the longest code possible while retaining accuracy. ICD-10 Codes for Diabetes Due to an Underlying Condition Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition: E08 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with hyperosmolarity: E08.0 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC): E08.00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E08.01 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with ketoacidosis: E08.1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without coma: E08.10 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E08.11 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with kidney complications: E08.2 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic nephropathy: E08.21 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic chronic kidney disease: E08.22 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other diabetic kidney complication: E08.29 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with ophthalmic complications: E08.3 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with unspecified diabetic retinopathy: E08.31 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E08.311 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E08.319 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E08.32 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E08.321 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E08.329 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E08.33 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E08.331 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E08.339 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E08.34 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E08.341 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E08.349 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: E08.35 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E08.351 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E08.359 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic cataract: E08.36 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other diabetic ophthalmic complication: E08.39 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with neurological complications: E08.4 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic neuropathy, unspecified: E08.40 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic mononeuropathy: E08.41 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic polyneuropathy: E08.42 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic autonomic (poly)neuropathy: E08.43 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic amyotrophy: E08.44 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other diabetic neurological complication: E08.49 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with circulatory complications: E08.5 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic peripheral angiopathy without gangrene: E08.51 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic peripheral angiopathy with gangrene: E08.52 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other circulatory complications: E08.59 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other specified complications: E08.6 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic arthropathy: E08.61 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic neuropathic arthropathy: E08.610 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other diabetic arthropathy: E08.618 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with skin complications: E08.62 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with diabetic dermatitis: E08.620 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with foot ulcer: E08.621 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other skin ulcer: E08.622 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other skin complications: E08.628 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with oral complications: E08.63 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with periodontal disease: E08.630 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other oral complications: E08.638 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with hypoglycemia: E08.64 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E08.641 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without coma: E08.649 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with hyperglycemia: E08.65 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with other specified complication: E08.69 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with unspecified complications: E08.8 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition without complications: E08.9 Diabetes can damage the kidneys as well (Hey Paul Studio/Flickr) ICD-10 Codes for Drug or Chemical Induced Diabetes Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus: E09 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolarity: E09.0 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC): E09.00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E09.01 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis: E09.1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without coma: E09.10 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E09.11 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with kidney complications: E09.2 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy: E09.21 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with diabetic chronic kidney disease: E09.22 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with other diabetic kidney complication: E09.29 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications: E09.3 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with unspecified diabetic retinopathy: E09.31 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E09.311 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E09.319 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E09.32 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E09.321 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E09.329 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E09.33 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E09.331 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E09.339 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E09.34 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E09.341 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E09.349 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: E09.35 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E09.351 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E09.359 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract: E09.36 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with other diabetic ophthalmic complication: E09.39 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with neurological complications: E09.4 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with diabetic neuropathy, unspecified: E09.40 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with diabetic mononeuropathy: E09.41 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with diabetic polyneuropathy: E09.42 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with diabetic autonomic (poly)neuropathy: E09.43 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with diabetic amyotrophy: E09.44 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with other diabetic neurological complication: E09.49 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with circulatory complications: E09.5 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy without gangrene: E09.51 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy with gangrene: E09.52 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with other circulatory complications: E09.59 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with other specified complications: E09.6 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with diabetic arthropathy: E09.61 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathic arthropathy: E09.610 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with other diabetic arthropathy: E09.618 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with skin complications: E09.62 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with diabetic dermatitis: E09.620 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with foot ulcer: E09.621 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with other skin ulcer: E09.622 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with other skin complications: E09.628 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with oral complications: E09.63 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease: E09.630 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with other oral complications: E09.638 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemia: E09.64 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E09.641 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without coma: E09.649 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia: E09.65 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with other specified complication: E09.69 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications: E09.8 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus without complications: E09.9 Some medications can raise blood glucose levels and ultimately cause the patient to develop diabetes. (Jamie/Flickr) ICD-10 Codes for Type 1 (Juvenile) Diabetes Type 1 diabetes mellitus: E10 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis: E10.1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without coma: E10.10 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E10.11 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with kidney complications: E10.2 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy: E10.21 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic chronic kidney disease: E10.22 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic kidney complication: E10.29 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications: E10.3 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with unspecified diabetic retinopathy: E10.31 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E10.311 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E10.319 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E10.32 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E10.321 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E10.329 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E10.33 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E10.331 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E10.339 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E10.34 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E10.341 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E10.349 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: E10.35 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E10.351 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E10.359 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract: E10.36 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic ophthalmic complication: E10.39 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with neurological complications: E10.4 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathy, unspecified: E10.40 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic mononeuropathy: E10.41 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic polyneuropathy: E10.42 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic autonomic (poly)neuropathy: E10.43 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic amyotrophy: E10.44 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic neurological complication: E10.49 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with circulatory complications: E10.5 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy without gangrene: E10.51 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy with gangrene: E10.52 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other circulatory complications: E10.59 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other specified complications: E10.6 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic arthropathy: E10.61 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathic arthropathy: E10.610 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic arthropathy: E10.618 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with skin complications: E10.62 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic dermatitis: E10.620 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with foot ulcer: E10.621 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other skin ulcer: E10.622 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other skin complications: E10.628 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with oral complications: E10.63 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease: E10.630 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other oral complications: E10.638 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemia: E10.64 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E10.641 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without coma: E10.649 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia: E10.65 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other specified complication: E10.69 Type 1 diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications: E10.8 Type 1 diabetes mellitus without complications: E10.9 Reusable access points for insulin make life less painful for type 1 diabetics (Elisa Self /Flickr) ICD-10 Codes for Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes mellitus: E11 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolarity: E11.0 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without non-ketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC): E11.00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E11.01 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with kidney complications: E11.2 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy: E11.21 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic chronic kidney disease: E11.22 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic kidney complication: E11.29 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications: E11.3 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified diabetic retinopathy: E11.31 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E11.311 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E11.319 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E11.32 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E11.321 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E11.329 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E11.33 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E11.331 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E11.339 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E11.34 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E11.341 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E11.349 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: E11.35 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E11.351 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E11.359 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract: E11.36 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic ophthalmic complication: E11.39 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with neurological complications: E11.4 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathy, unspecified: E11.40 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic mononeuropathy: E11.41 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic polyneuropathy: E11.42 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic autonomic (poly)neuropathy: E11.43 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic amyotrophy: E11.44 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic neurological complication: E11.49 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with circulatory complications: E11.5 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy without gangrene: E11.51 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy with gangrene: E11.52 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other circulatory complications: E11.59 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other specified complications: E11.6 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic arthropathy: E11.61 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathic arthropathy: E11.610 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic arthropathy: E11.618 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with skin complications: E11.62 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic dermatitis: E11.620 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with foot ulcer: E11.621 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other skin ulcer: E11.622 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other skin complications: E11.628 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with oral complications: E11.63 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease: E11.630 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other oral complications: E11.638 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemia: E11.64 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E11.641 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without coma: E11.649 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia: E11.65 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other specified complication: E11.69 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications: E11.8 Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications: E11.9 When you start using donuts as bread, it's probably time for an intervention. (stantontcady/Flickr) ICD-10 Codes for Diabetes Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium: 024 Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, type 1, in pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium: 024.0 Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, type 1, in pregnancy: 024.01 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ first trimester: 024.011 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ second trimester: 024.012 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ third trimester: 024.013 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ unspecified trimester: 024.019 Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, type 1, in childbirth: 024.02 Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, type 1, in the puerperium: 024.03 Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, type 2, in pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium: 024.1 Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, type 2, in pregnancy: 024.11 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ first trimester: 024.111 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ second trimester: 024.112 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ third trimester: 024.113 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ unspecified trimester: 024.119 Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, type 2, in childbirth: 024.12 Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, type 2, in the puerperium: 024.13 Unspecified pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium: 024.3 Unspecified pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: 024.31 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ first trimester: 024.311 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ second trimester: 024.312 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ third trimester: 024.313 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ unspecified trimester: 024.319 Unspecified pre-existing diabetes mellitus in childbirth: 024.32 Unspecified pre-existing diabetes mellitus in the puerperium: 024.33 Gestational diabetes mellitus: 024.4 Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: 024.41 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ diet controlled: 024.410 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ insulin controlled: 024.414 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ unspecified control: 024.419 Gestational diabetes mellitus in childbirth: 024.42 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ diet controlled: 024.420 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ insulin controlled: 024.424 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ unspecified control: 024.429 Gestational diabetes mellitus in the puerperium: 024.43 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ diet controlled: 024.430 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ insulin controlled: 024.434 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ unspecified control: 024.439 Other pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium: 024.8 Other pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: 024.81 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ first trimester: 024.811 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ second trimester: 024.812 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ third trimester: 024.813 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ unspecified trimester: 024.819 Other pre-existing diabetes mellitus in childbirth: 024.82 Other pre-existing diabetes mellitus in the puerperium: 024.83 Unspecified diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium: 024.9 Unspecified diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: 024.91 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ first trimester: 024.911 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ second trimester: 024.912 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ third trimester: 024.913 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ unspecified trimester: 024.919 Unspecified diabetes mellitus in childbirth: 024.92 Unspecified diabetes mellitus in the puerperium: 024.93 Sarah Neff/Flickr ICD-10 Codes for Other Types of Diabetes Other specified diabetes mellitus: E13 Other specified diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolarity: E13.0 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC): E13.00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E13.01 Other specified diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis: E13.1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without coma: E13.10 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E13.11 Other specified diabetes mellitus with kidney complications: E13.2 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy: E13.21 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic chronic kidney disease: E13.22 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other diabetic kidney complication: E13.29 Other specified diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications: E13.3 Other specified diabetes mellitus with unspecified diabetic retinopathy: E13.31 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E13.311 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E13.319 Other specified diabetes mellitus with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E13.32 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E13.321 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E13.329 Other specified diabetes mellitus with moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E13.33 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E13.331 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E13.339 Other specified diabetes mellitus with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: E13.34 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E13.341 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E13.349 Other specified diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: E13.35 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with macular edema: E13.351 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without macular edema: E13.359 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract: E13.36 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other diabetic ophthalmic complication: E13.39 Other specified diabetes mellitus with neurological complications: E13.4 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathy, unspecified: E13.40 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic mononeuropathy: E13.41 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic polyneuropathy: E13.42 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic autonomic (poly)neuropathy: E13.43 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic amyotrophy: E13.44 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other diabetic neurological complication: E13.49 Other specified diabetes mellitus with circulatory complications: E13.5 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy without gangrene: E13.51 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy with gangrene: E13.52 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other circulatory complications: E13.59 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other specified complications: E13.6 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic arthropathy: E13.61 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathic arthropathy: E13.610 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other diabetic arthropathy: E13.618 Other specified diabetes mellitus with skin complications: E13.62 Other specified diabetes mellitus with diabetic dermatitis: E13.620 Other specified diabetes mellitus with foot ulcer: E13.621 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other skin ulcer: E13.622 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other skin complications: E13.628 Other specified diabetes mellitus with oral complications: E13.63 Other specified diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease: E13.630 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other oral complications: E13.638 Other specified diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemia: E13.64 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with coma: E13.641 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ without coma: E13.649 Other specified diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia: E13.65 Other specified diabetes mellitus with other specified complication: E13.69 Other specified diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications: E13.8 Other specified diabetes mellitus without complications: E13.9 A diabetic cataract (National Eye Institute/Flickr) ICD-9 to ICD-10 Codes for Diabetes Conversion Table Here's a conversion table that translates the old ICD-9 codes for diabetes to ICD-10 codes. There weren’t as many codes to describe different conditions in the ICD-9, so you’ll notice that some of them have more than one possible corresponding ICD-10 code. Some are also translated into a combination of two ICD-10 codes (note the use of the word "and"). ICD-9 ICD-10 249.00 E08.9 or E09.9 or E13.9 249.01 E08.65 or E09.65 249.10 E08.10 or E09.10 or E13.10 249.11 E08.10 or E09.10 or E13.65 249.20 E08.01 or E09.01 or E13.00 249.21 E08.01 or E09.01 or E13.65 249.30 E08.11 or E08.641 or E09.11 or E09.641 or E13.11 or E13.641 249.31 E08.11 or E09.11 or E09.65 249.40 E08.21 or E09.21 249.41 E08.21 or E09.21 or E08.65 249.50 E08.311 or E08.319 or E08.36 or E08.39 or E09.311 or E09.319 or E09.36 or E09.39 or E13.39 249.51 E08.39 or E09.39 249.60 E08.40 or E08.41 or E08.42 or E08.43 or E08.44 or E08.49 or E08.610 or E09.40 or E09.41 or E09.42 or E09.43 or E09.44 or E09.49 or E09.610 or E13.40 or E13.41 or E13.42 or E13.43 or E13.44 or E13.49 249.61 E08.40 or E09.40 AND E08.65 249.70 E08.51 or E09.51 or E13.59 249.71 E08.51 or E09.51 AND E08.65 249.80 E08.618 or E08.620 or E08.621 or E08.622 or E08.628 or E08.630 or E08.638 or E08.65 or E08.69 or E09.618 or E09.620 or E09.621 or E09.622 or E09.628 or E09.630 or E09.638 or E09.649 or E09.65 or E09.69 or E13.620 or E13.621 or E13.622 or E13.628 or E13.638 or E13.649 or E13.65 or E13.69 249.81 E08.69 or E09.69 AND E08.65 249.90 E08.8 or E09.8 or E13.8 249.91 E08.8 or E09.8 or AND E08.65 250.00 E11.9 250.01 E10.9 250.02 E11.65 250.03 E10.65 250.10 E11.69 250.11 E10.10 250.12 E11.69 and E11.65 250.13 E10.10 and E10.65 250.20 E11.00 or E11.01 250.21 E10.69 250.22 E11.00 and E11.65 250.23 E10.69 and E10.65 250.30 E11.641 250.31 E10.11 or E10.641 250.32 E11.01 and E11.65 250.33 E10.11 and E10.65 250.40 E11.29 250.41 E10.29 250.42 E11.21 and E11.65 250.43 E10.21 and E10.65 250.50 E11.311 or E11.319 or E11.36 or E11.39 250.51 E10.311 or E10.319 or E10.36 or E10.39 250.52 E11.311 or E11.319 or E11.36 or E11.39 or E11.65 250.53 E10.311 or E10.319 or E10.36 or E10.39 or E10.65 250.60 E11.40 250.61 E10.40 250.62 E11.40 and E11.65 250.63 E10.40 and E10.65 250.70 E11.51 250.71 E10.51 250.72 E11.51 and E11.65 250.73 E10.51 and E10.65 250.80 E11.618 or E11.620 or E11.621 or E11.622 or E11.628 or E11.630 or E11.638 or E11.649 or E11.65 or E11.69 250.81 E10.618 or E10.620 or E10.621 or E10.622 or E10.628 or E10.630 or E10.638 or E10.649 or E10.65 or E10.69 250.82 E11.65 and E11.69 250.83 E10.65 and E10.69 250.90 E11.8 250.91 E10.8 250.92 E11.8 and E11.65 250.93 E10.8 and E10.65 Updates are temporarily inconvenient but important in the long run (Apple iPhone 6 IOS update, used under CC 2.0) Guidelines on Using ICD-10 Codes for Diabetes As many ICD-10 codes as necessary can be used together to describe the patient’s form of diabetes. Pregnant women who are diabetic should be assigned a code from the 024 category first, followed by the appropriate diabetes codes in the E08 to E13 range. For gestational diabetes (diabetes that occurs during pregnancy) women should be assigned a code under the 024.4 subheading and not any other codes under the 024 category. If the type of diabetes that the patient has is not documented in the medical record, E11 codes for type 2 diabetes should be used as a default. If the medical record doesn’t say what type of diabetes the patient has but indicates that the patient uses insulin, the Type 2 diabetes codes should also be used. The code for long-term use of insulin, Z79.4, should also be used in these cases (unless insulin was just given to the patient as a one-time fix to bring blood sugar under control). Note that the word â€Å"with† in the code titles always means â€Å"associated with† or â€Å"due to† (it doesn’t refer to two disparate conditions). The â€Å"unspecified† codes can be used when not enough information is known to give a more specific diagnosis; in that case, â€Å"unspecified† is technically more accurate than a more specific but as yet unconfirmed diagnosis. For more guidelines on using ICD-10 codes for diabetes mellitus, you can consult this document. What Are ICD-10 Codes? ICD (International Classification of Diseases) codes are a way for doctors to record diagnoses in a succinct universal language. ICD-10 codes refer to the codes from the 10th Revision of the classification system. ICD-10 officially replaced ICD-9 in the US in October of 2015. The switch to ICD-10 was a response to the need for doctors to record more specific and accurate diagnoses based on the most recent advancements in medicine. For this reason, there are five times more ICD-10 codes than there were ICD-9 codes. The ICD-10 codes consist of three to seven characters that may contain both letters and numbers.

Journalism and Communication - Screen cultures Essay

Journalism and Communication - Screen cultures - Essay Example Does video gaming portend any detrimental implications on those persons who are fanatics of constantly playing an assortment of diverse video games? Most researchers and writers typically address this concern with regard to reference to violent themed games (Melisa 2002). Moreover, it is overtly a pertinent prospect for the upcoming field of persuasive video games. These games encompass a diverse assortment of games that their authors design for educational, political and advocacy among other critical areas in the daily life. These video games seek to purposely influence and alter behavioural and notional perspectives of individuals who take an interest to play them (Ruth 2011). Moreover, it is critically consummate to determine the effective aspect of these games as potential vectors of persuasion on the persons who take an active role in gaming. With regard to various pertinent interrelationships of aspects such as intent, messages conveyed, player predisposition and quality of gam e among others, it is complicated to generalize regarding their implications and relative effectiveness. With use of a persuasive video game that I have designed, I intend to prospect and gauge its effectiveness as a social backing applet while isolating the various issues that put in to that (Gilles 1992). Introduction In the fresh past, in the year 2006, Gill, a 25 year old person murdered a woman and critically wounded nineteen other persons in a grave shoot out spree at a college affiliation in Montreal and eventually committed suicide. In his specific outline journal entries, he scribbled about his unconditional love and fanaticism for certain films, television shows among other constituents of popular, contemporary media and entertainment culture. However, he mentioned various video games, especially Super Columbine Massacre, that captured most of the entire media nerves to attention and raised the subject of how much mental and character influence various computer games can i mplicate on their players (Film Philosophy 2010). Moreover, this was nevertheless the initial time the matter was raised to publicity. The truth that the masterminds of the massacre game played doom and additionally modelled their own doom rankings was immensely criticised, as was the intelligence that a driver associated with a fatal motor accident had a copy of the violent street racing game, NFS, on the frontage seat of his carriage. These happenings among others resulted into various media critics and political figures arguing that by merit of their fascination, violent and realistic images and graphics with the aptitude to allow the players to practice diverse tasks and scenarios, video computer games could implicate on behaviours and attitudes. This would be for good or worse, though in the viewpoint of critics, it is typically for ill (Patrick 2011). The row that Calgary Sun correspondent Mike presented is archetypal. He questions the readers why they have to wait and witness assorted video games being evidence in several crime occurrences. He pickles the people to wake up and take an initiative to have control over such a situation which would be detrimental in society owing to the ill bizarre situations that arise when gamers take too much dose of typically murderously themed video games. Purportedly, Gill’s obvious signoff in blogs would state that life is a video game and that

Taxation in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Taxation in UK - Essay Example The paper tells that the Largest source of revenue collection for government is income tax. Everyone in the country has an income tax personal allowance below which he does not have to pay tax in a particular tax year. For people aging below 65 years have a tax allowance of  £6,475 in 2010-11. However, in June 2010, this figure has been increased by  £1,000 by the Chancellor therefore the tax personal allowance is  £7,475. If anyone has an income below the income tax personal allowance, he is not supposed to pay any tax however if the earnings of an individual is above the tax allowance then he is supposed to pay according to his earnings above this level. There are different tax bands and every tax band has a different tax rate. Corporation tax refers to the tax on the profits made by the organizations in United Kingdom along with profits made by permanent establishments of companies owned by non-UK residents as well as associations trading in European Union. Collection of cor porate tax is the fourth largest source of revenue collection of government. Before April 1965, both the corporate tax rate and individual tax rate were charged at the same rate though corporations were supposed to pay an additional profit tax. However, with the passage of time, there have been several changes to the corporate tax and since 1997, the laws have modified several times and now the tax rates of corporations and individuals have changed. (Tax Law Rewrite). Calendar year is a period of 12 months beginning from the starting of January and ending on 31st December whereas on the other hand, fiscal year is a period of 12 consecutive months ending on last day of any month except December (Tax Years). In United Kingdom, government financial year is a period of twelve months from April 1 to March 31. Corporations are allowed to adopt any year for their accounting purpose however any changes in the tax rate, the tax is charged on the basis of government’s financial year (I ntroduction to Corporation Tax). Taxable and Tax Rate An individual earns income from different sources. Some of these sources are taxable whereas some income is tax deductable. Some of the sources from where an individual earns is salary, profit from any business, rent income, dividend income, income on loan or any security including bonds etc. On the other hand, the income of corporations is the profits. Taxable bands and tax rate for the year 2011 – 2012 is as follows: Taxable income Rate of tax 0 - ?2,560 10 per cent (starting rate for savings  only) 0 - ?35,000 20 per cent (basic rate) ?35,001 - ?150,000 40 per cent (higher rate) Over ?150,000 50 per cent (additional rate) (Source: Income tax rates) Relevant Tax period Tax period is the period of 12 months in which the individual earns income from different sources and if all these sources accumulate to more than personal tax allowance then he is supposed to pay tax. importance of direct and indirect taxes Direct and i ndirect taxes are very important for every government as tax collection is one of the main sources of the government to collect revenues. Direct tax is defined as the tax that an individual pays directly to the government and this kind of tax is directly imposed on the individual or the organization by the government. On the other hand, indirect tax can have different forms like sales tax, value added tax (VAT), or goods or service tax (GST) and indirect tax is collected by another party or an intermediary. The intermediary initially takes the burden of this kind of tax and afterwards takes the amount of tax from the government by filling a tax return, therefore the tax is paid eventually to the government through another party. Therefore, indirect tax is indirectly collected by the government but with the involvement of an intermediary. Differences between Direct Tax and Indirect Tax Direct Tax Direct

Dred Scott case Essay -- American History, African Americans

On June 19th 1862 the US Congress prohibits slavery in the United States territories nullifying the Dred Scott Case. This was the most important day in US history for African Americans. This is because it helped blacks gain the rights they deserve. It also gave them rights they never thought they could achieve. This Court case of Scott vs. Sanford was a catalyst to riots, other court cases such as Brown vs. Board of Education, Rachel vs. Walker and many acts and amendments resulted from one mans wish to be free. Dred Scott was a slave to the Emerson family of Missouri. Emerson soon died in 1846 making Scott sue for his freedom. He soon lost the case in a state court, but shortly after he was introduced to a national court. Scott Soon after lost the case again but then was later considered free man. This case caused many good things to occur, and many things bad to occur. Some of these things include the strengthening of the Republican Party in opposition to the courts decision; and it increased the abolitionist to get rid of slavery which eventually leads to the civil war. There are also some negatives to the Dred Scott Case like how it eventually led to the Panic of 1857. As well caused fights like Bleeding Kansas. Even the system of checks and balances was hurt by the Dred Scott Case. This case played a major role in how African Americans live today and how they are accepted among people. Without the efforts of Dred Scott and the people who followed in his footsteps there would be no way African Americans can live with the freedom and rights they have today because of the Dred Scott Case. Scott in addition caused people to really understand what life was... ...gislative branch, but also strengthened all the power of the republican party and there abolitionist ways. There was other things that have helped like the Rachel vs. Walker and James Tallmadge. These other cases and people have really helped Dred Scott gain his freedom and effect the world in so many ways that have effected the world so blacks no longer have to worry about being whipped, hit , or any racial discrimination without justice stepping in. Dred Scott was easily the most important person to ever live he has done so many great things. Dred Scott has become a major topic in all United States history, he will also go down as the best civil rights activist to ever live even though he did not realize at the time that he would become a major celebrity in history. Easily Dred Scott is known as the greatest person in history.

Jack of All Trades

â€Å"Mom can I have a dog? † I cannot tell you how many times those six words came out of my mouth, almost everyday since about second grade I asked my mom for a puppy. Once when I was in fifth grade, my mom let me take home one of my aunt's dog's puppies. But at the end of the day she made me take it back. I was so close to getting what I had wanted for years. I had named the dog and everything, and as you can tell it still upsets me to this day. You're probably thinking, â€Å"Eh, every child wants a dog or some sort of pet, it's really not that serious. Oh but it was, I became obsessed with the idea of a puppy, every time I saw someone else with a new puppy or even an older dog I became jealous to the point of tears. It's not like I never had a dog, when I was born we had two, Buster, and Sheena. But they both died of old age by the time I was seven. We also had cats, and birds, and fish. But all of a sudden there was nothing left, it was me, my mom, and my dad, being an only child was always hard, but at least I had my animals to keep me company. Yeah, yeah, here it comes, being an only child isn't hard, you're spoiled, you get everything you want, and tons of attention. But have you ever thought of the hardships of being the only thing your parents have to focus on, or maybe the not having anyone to play with, you can only play dress up and school with yourself for so long before it gets extremely boring. Okay but I'm getting off topic, actually I've kind of been rambling on about nothing for the last couple of sentences, but I promise this will all have a point. My freshman year of high school, I began having a lot of issues with being alone, and not having anyone to talk to or keep me company. I began to struggle with my schoolwork, and everything began to spin out of control. I met James, he was amazing, but that's a completely different story for a completely different time and space. Now the wanting of a dog had kind of went away for a little, but now in my time of loneliness, and need, I think my mom finally realized how much I truly not only wanted but needed a dog to keep me company, because that year around my birthday my mom began to talk of getting a dog, (it might have also been because Simone's mom let her have a dog, and my mom felt bad because that's all I could talk about, so thanks Sandy. So we talked about getting a dog, and decided on a female Jack Russell, oh my, we were not aware of what we were getting into. We were told numerous times that these dogs were crazy, but we just said it couldn't be that bad, all puppies are hyper. We planned to keep her in a squared-off area in the basement, oh boy, were we mistaken. We ordered her from a farm in Missouri, the breeder seemed nice, and told us that she had a lot of energy, we got her at eight weeks, the breeder had named her Kayla, but we knew from the pictures that this name was just unbefitting. We decided on either naming her Sage or Zoi, and the second we picked her up from the airport we knew Zoi was the perfect name for her, she ran out of her crate right into my arms, while all the other puppies were hiding in the back corner of their crates, afraid of their new owners. It was raining but she wasn't afraid, the entire walk to the car she wiggled and squirmed eager to see everyone and everything around her. That first night, Simone and I figured it'd be a good idea to sleep downstairs with her, just in case, but we were in for a rude awakening, quite literally, she whined and cried every minute she was alone. Simone and I ended up staying up the entire night with her; this squared off corner in the basement was just not enough for this tiny little dog. The next night we tried keeping her in her crate, then a bigger cage, needless to say neither worked and she now sleeps in bed with my mom and dad. This dog was a handful; she chewed on everything, dirty underwear being her favorite snack. Her energy never seemed to end. She jumped played and barked all day, she was a very happy dog. Yet it just seemed like she was lonely, she carried this tiny stuffed puppy with her everywhere, and carried chew toys over to her favorite stuffed tiger. She'd whine and cry when it wouldn't play with them, maybe it was our imaginations, but it just seemed that the only way to tame her energy was to get her a companion. First we looked at the pound, but decided anything bigger might just hurt Zoi, so we ended up on the search for another Jack Russell, this time a male. We looked and looked, the first one we decided on ended up being sold already, so we finally decided on another dog, he was from Texas, and named KC. He came from a puppy mill, and when we got him he just didn't seem right, we were worried. At the airport we expected him to run right out into our arms like Zoi, but that's not quite what happened. He hid in the corner of his crate and cried, he seemed so afraid, we walked him to the car and I cuddled him in my arms, it was late, almost midnight, and I was worried how him and Zoi would react to each other. He didn't seem like a social type dog. When we got him home and put him down, he wiggled and squirmed, him and Zoi sniffed each other and from that second they were inseparable, but Dash (which is what we named him, after a character in the Disney movie, The Incredibles,) just still wasn't right, he had a swollen bee sting on his arm, and after taking him to the vets we discovered he had three different typed of worms in his belly. His nickname had been Wiggle-Butt, how appropriate. He was incredibly unhealthy, and we were thankful that we had saved him from that place he had called a home, no wonder he was so afraid. It was strange that these two dogs that were said to be the same exact breed were so completely different, but maybe that's why they got along so well. After Dash was nursed back to health, he slowly began to come out of his shell. These dogs were a handful alone, but together, oh my. Zoi was clearly the boss, and she let it be known. There were times when she beat the living daylights out of him, but he still followed her around, and whined and cried when she was gone. Dash was quite the interesting dog, he'd growl and bark at other people and dogs, but then run and hide behind you if you put him down. The two would chase each other around in circles around the house and yard, it's like they both had this endless amount of energy, I couldn't imagine Zoi would have lasted long at any other household. She ate everything, beat up Dash, ran away, jumped all over people, and scratched like crazy. Once we got Dash and Zoi, it was like having newborn babies, we had baby gates in every doorway, so that they couldn't get in and chew things, you couldn't open the door without holding them back or you would be in for a jog. Every time they got out it was a good twenty-minute journey to get them back. They'd run up to everyone that was outside, bark at other dogs, run into everyone's yard, and you'd have to jump and dive in order to catch them, it is not a fun thing to do. My favorite story would have to be the time my little cousin let Zoi out and my 40-year-old uncle chased her around in the January snow, eventually jumping, sliding, and diving only to miss her by an inch. These dogs were quite the handful. Nobody could come into the house without being jumped all over, and barked at. And you couldn't leave if you didn't give Zoi her treat first. Actually you still can't. You think after two years she'd be a lot calmer, well she's a little calmer. We tried obedience classes, yeah did not work to well, actually now she'll sit, bark, and play dead on command†¦ but other than that†¦ yeah. A few months after we first got them, we went away on vacation. We left Dash and Zoi with a family friend who raised and watched dogs for a living. I remember him saying, â€Å"Oh, I'll have her trained by the time you get back. † Yeah, not so much. Not even the man who watched ten dogs a day, could tame her. He's raised tens of dogs from puppies, all his dogs listen to his every command, but not Zoi, she'd run around take stuff, even beat up the larger dogs. The second we got back home we went to pick up our puppies, and you could tell that Jay (the man that had watched them) had had quite the time watching those two. He couldn't get rid of them quick enough. Zoi loves the water, but Dash is afraid of it. Zoi will jump right in the pool and swim around but Dash wouldn't go near it for anything. Zoi jumps in and climbs right out. She chases the hose when my dad is watering the lawn, tries to eat the backwash water from the pool. Another thing that she loves to chase is the vacuum, Dash once again is afraid, but Zoi chases and barks like always. Sometimes, they're too predictable. Another one of my favorites is when Zoi decides to take things for ransom. Her favorite I think is the remote control for the television. I can't tell you how many times I've seen her running around with that remote in her mouth waiting for her treat. It's not like she really wanted it, she'd drop it in front of you as soon as you reached for the bone box. And of course Dash reaps the benefits, so I think he encourages her to steal things. But after all of this, the second you sit down on the couch, or lay down in bed, they're both right there, lying on your lap. Dash will nudge and nudge until you let him under the blanket. They love, love, love to cuddle. Which is good, because so do I. They keep you warm in the winter, which is good since Zoi chewed the wire to the heater on the blanket, and the couch, so neither work. Okay two crazy dogs†¦ the point of this is? I'm getting to it, I'm getting to it, promise. These dogs have actually kept me sane. I'd have the longest day ever, but I know I could come home and have two amazing dogs jumping on me and kissing me. No matter what I need, I can turn to my dogs, if I need to play, or just cuddle. Zoi is like the dog version of me she can be hyper, loud, loving, all at once. She'll be angry one minute and kissing and loving you the next. She can't stay mad, kind of like me. Having these two amazing dogs has kept me sane. I'm no longer alone and bored all the time. They may be a pain sometimes fighting to leave in the morning, eating underwear, stealing socks and remotes. But I know at the end of the day I have two creatures that love me unconditionally.